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Chemicals

Chemicals

Drilling Chemicals

Used during drilling operations to enhance mud performance and protect equipment.

Associated materials:

  • Bentonite

  • Barite (BaSO₄)

  • PAC (Polyanionic Cellulose)

  • PHPA (Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide)

  • Sodium carbonate

  • Sodium silicate

  • Biocides

  • Lubricants

  • Thinners

  • Viscosifiers

  • Lost circulation materials (LCMs)

Drilling Chemicals

Used during drilling operations to enhance mud performance and protect equipment.

Associated materials:

  • Bentonite

  • Barite (BaSO₄)

  • PAC (Polyanionic Cellulose)

  • PHPA (Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide)

  • Sodium carbonate

  • Sodium silicate

  • Biocides

  • Lubricants

  • Thinners

  • Viscosifiers

  • Lost circulation materials (LCMs)

Transportation & Storage Chemicals

Used to protect pipelines and storage tanks from corrosion and deposits.

Associated materials:

  • Drag reducing agents (DRA)

  • Biocides

  • Oxygen scavengers

  • Antifoulants

  • Corrosion inhibitors

  • Pour point depressants

  • Pipeline cleaners

  • Wax inhibitors

Refining Chemicals

Applied in distillation and chemical processing within refineries.

Associated materials:

  • Catalysts (FCC, Hydrocracking, Hydrotreating)

  • Neutralizing agents

  • Anti-oxidants

  • Solvents

  • Desalting agents

  • Anti-fouling agents

  • Hydrogen donors

  • Amine solutions (for gas sweetening)

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Chemicals

Used to increase oil recovery from reservoirs after the primary phase.

Associated materials:

  • Surfactants

  • Polymers (e.g., Polyacrylamide)

  • Alkaline agents (e.g., Sodium hydroxide)

  • CO₂ and Nitrogen gases

  • Microbial agents

  • Foam-forming agents

  • Chelating agents

Well Stimulation Chemicals

Used to improve well productivity through processes such as hydraulic fracturing.

Associated materials:

  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

  • Friction reducers

  • Gelling agents

  • Breakers

  • Crosslinkers

  • Proppants (e.g., sand, ceramic beads)

  • Biocides

  • Iron control agents

  • Clay stabilizers

Organic Solvents

Types:

  • Hydrocarbon solvents: Hexane, Toluene, Xylene, Benzene

  • Alcohols: Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol

  • Ketones: Acetone, Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)

  • Esters: Ethyl acetate, Butyl acetate

  • Ethers: Diethyl ether, Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

  • Chlorinated solvents: Dichloromethane (DCM), Trichloroethylene (TCE), Carbon tetrachloride

 

Inorganic Solvents

Do not contain carbon; used in specific applications such as chemical analysis.

Types:

  • Water (H₂O) – the universal solvent

  • Liquid ammonia (NH₃)

  • Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)

  • Hydrogen fluoride (HF) – in advanced chemical industries

 

Polar Solvents

Dissolve polar compounds such as salts and acids.

Types:

  • Water

  • Methanol

  • Ethanol

  • Acetone

  • Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)

  • Acetonitrile

 

Non-Polar Solvents

Dissolve non-polar compounds such as oils and fats.

Types:

  • Hexane

  • Benzene

  • Toluene

  • Diethyl ether

  • Carbon tetrachloride

 

Industrial Solvents

Used in cleaning, painting, degreasing, and chemical industries.

Types:

  • White spirit

  • Turpentine

  • Naphtha

  • Methylene chloride

  • Isopropanol

  • MEK (Methyl ethyl ketone)

 

Green Solvents

Environmentally friendly, often biodegradable.

Types:

  • Supercritical CO₂

  • Ethyl lactate

  • Ionic liquids

  • Water (in some applications)

  • Bio-based alcohols (e.g., bio-ethanol)

Extraction Chemicals

Used to separate specific compounds from mixtures using suitable solvents.

Associated materials:

  • Solvents: Hexane (oil extraction), Ethyl acetate, Diethyl ether, Chloroform

  • Chelating agents: EDTA (metal separation), DTPA

 

Filtration & Precipitation Chemicals

Used to separate solids from liquids.

Associated materials:

  • Coagulants: Alum (Aluminum sulfate), Ferric chloride

  • Flocculants: Polyacrylamide, Starch derivatives

  • pH Adjusters: Lime (Ca(OH)₂), Sodium hydroxide

 

Distillation & Volatilization Chemicals

Used to separate substances by boiling or evaporation.

Associated materials:

  • Anti-foaming agents: Silicone oils, Dimethylpolysiloxane

  • Boiling point modifiers: Salt additives (e.g., NaCl to raise water’s boiling point)

  • Entrainers (distillation aids): Benzene (for ethanol-water separation)

 

Chromatography Chemicals

Used to separate and analyze fine compounds.

Associated materials:

  • Mobile phase solvents: Methanol, Acetonitrile, Water

  • Stationary phases: Silica gel, Alumina

  • Buffers: Phosphate buffer, Tris buffer

 

Membrane Separation Chemicals

Used to enhance membrane performance or for cleaning.

Associated materials:

  • Cleaning agents: Citric acid, Sodium hypochlorite

  • Anti-scaling agents: Polyphosphates, EDTA

  • Surfactants: SDS (Sodium dodecyl sulfate), Tween 20

 

Adsorption & Ion Exchange Chemicals

Used to remove ions or molecules from solutions.

Associated materials:

  • Adsorbents: Activated carbon, Zeolites, Silica

  • Ion exchange resins: Cationic resins, Anionic resins

  • Regenerants: Sodium chloride, Hydrochloric acid

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